Research we cite

African elephants address one another with individually specific name-like calls

Contextual and combinatorial structure in sperm whale vocalisations

Wake-like skin patterning and neural activity during octopus sleep

Targeted treatment of injured nestmates with antimicrobial compounds in an ant society

Positive citation bias and overinterpreted results lead to misinformation on common mycorrhizal networks in forests

Re-examining the evidence for the mother tree hypothesis – resource sharing among trees via ectomycorrhizal networks

Associative learning in the box jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora

Nesting chinstrap penguins accrue large quantities of sleep through seconds-long microsleeps

Sounds emitted by plants under stress are airborne and informative

Cyclic alternation of quiet and active sleep states in the octopus

Half a century of global decline in oceanic sharks and rays

Wolf attacks on humans: an update for 2002–2020

Chest beats as an honest signal of body size in male mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei)

Adaptation of sperm whales to open-boat whalers: rapid social learning on a large scale?

Biofluorescence in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)

Developmental genetics of color pattern establishment in cats

A neural correlate of sensory consciousness in a corvid bird

Calcium dynamics during trap closure visualized in transgenic Venus flytrap

What Defines Different Modes of Snake Locomotion?

Aggregation and social interaction in garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis)

Lack of evidence for associative learning in pea plants

Thermotolerance experiments on active and desiccated states of Ramazzottius varieornatus emphasize that tardigrades are sensitive to high temperatures

Numerical cognition in honeybees enables addition and subtraction

Mushroom poisoning: a proposed new clinical classification

Feeding in Snakes: Form, Function, and Evolution of the Feeding System

Plants Neither Possess nor Require Consciousness

Psychoactive plant- and mushroom-associated alkaloids from two behavior modifying cicada pathogens

Optimizing colour for camouflage and visibility using deep learning: the effects of the environment and the observer's visual system

Numerical ordering of zero in honey bees

Animals remember previous facial expressions that specific humans have exhibited

Long-distance navigation and magnetoreception in migratory animals

Venus flytrap: how an excitable, carnivorous plant works

Multiple optic gland signaling pathways implicated in octopus maternal behaviors and death

WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies: third report

Electric fields elicit ballooning in spiders

Avoiding Attack: The Evolutionary Ecology of Crypsis, Aposematism, and Mimicry

Amatoxin-containing mushroom poisonings: species, toxidromes, treatments

Mushroom poisoning epidemiology in the United States

The axolotl genome and the evolution of key tissue formation regulators

Glutamate triggers long-distance, calcium-based plant defense signaling

A specialized fungal parasite (Massospora cicadina) hijacks the sexual signals of periodical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada)

Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of natural history and adaptation in the world's tigers

Ravens parallel great apes in flexible planning for tool-use and bartering

Bumblebees show cognitive flexibility by improving on an observed complex behavior

Country-specific effects of neonicotinoid pesticides on honey bees and wild bees

Saving the injured: Rescue behavior in the termite-hunting ant Megaponera analis

Reproductive conflict and the evolution of menopause in killer whales

An estimated 400–800 million tons of prey are annually killed by the global spider community

Importance of a species’ socioecology: Wolves outperform dogs in a conspecific cooperation task

Fungal diversity revisited: 2.2 to 3.8 million species

Extended spider cognition

Snakebite envenoming

Chimpanzee super strength and human skeletal muscle evolution

Defense Priming: An Adaptive Part of Induced Resistance

Tardigrades Use Intrinsically Disordered Proteins to Survive Desiccation

Tool bending in New Caledonian crows

Discovery of species-wide tool use in the Hawaiian crow

Ravens attribute visual access to unseen competitors

Mechanosensory hairs in bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) detect weak electric fields

Spectral discrimination in color blind animals via chromatic aberration and pupil shape

Signal use by octopuses in agonistic interactions

The Venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula counts prey-induced action potentials to induce sodium uptake

Belowground carbon trade among tall trees in a temperate forest

Discrimination of human faces by archerfish (Toxotes chatareus)

Experimental evidence for compositional syntax in bird calls

Everyday bat vocalizations contain information about emitter, addressee, context, and behavior

Olfaction contributes to pelagic navigation in a coastal shark

Basidiomycete yeasts in the cortex of ascomycete macrolichens

Tuning the instrument: sonic properties in the spider’s web

Mushrooms use convectively created airflows to disperse their spores

Eye lens radiocarbon reveals centuries of longevity in the Greenland shark

Genome-culture coevolution promotes rapid divergence of killer whale ecotypes

Habituation in non-neural organisms: evidence from slime moulds

Evidence that birds sleep in mid-flight

Slow waves, sharp waves, ripples, and REM in sleeping dragons

Mechanisms of mast seeding: resources, weather, cues, and selection

Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and trophic levels

Visual Pigments, Ocular Filters and the Evolution of Snake Vision

Extremotolerant tardigrade genome and improved radiotolerance of human cultured cells by tardigrade-unique protein

Wild American crows gather around their dead to learn about danger

Neurons selective to the number of visual items in the corvid songbird endbrain

Potential mechanisms for cancer resistance in elephants and comparative cellular response to DNA damage in humans

The octopus genome and the evolution of cephalopod neural and morphological novelties

Eye-independent, light-activated chromatophore expansion (LACE) and expression of phototransduction genes in the skin of Octopus bimaculoides

Are ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) capable of self recognition?

Number-space mapping in the newborn chick resembles humans’ mental number line

Ecological knowledge, leadership, and the evolution of menopause in killer whales

Trail pheromones: an integrative view of their role in social insect colony organization

Circadian control sheds light on fungal bioluminescence

Long-range seasonal migration in insects: mechanisms, evolutionary drivers and ecological consequences

The axolotl limb blastema: cellular and molecular mechanisms driving blastema formation and limb regeneration in tetrapods

Snake constriction rapidly induces circulatory arrest in rats

Lion (Panthera leo) populations are declining rapidly across Africa, except in intensively managed areas

Ravens notice dominance reversals among conspecifics within and outside their social group

Still no convincing evidence for cognitive map use by honeybees

Elephants can determine ethnicity, gender, and age from acoustic cues in human voices

Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) reassure others in distress

Self-recognition mechanism between skin and suckers prevents octopus arms from interfering with each other

Multisensory integration and behavioral plasticity in sharks from different ecological niches

Using the Aesop’s Fable paradigm to investigate causal understanding of water displacement by New Caledonian crows

Sub-adult ravens synchronize their play: a case of emotional contagion?

Bat flight and zoonotic viruses

Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination

Projected continent-wide declines of the emperor penguin under climate change

Experience teaches plants to learn faster and forget slower in environments where it matters

Monotreme lactation protein is highly expressed in monotreme milk and provides antimicrobial protection

Detection and learning of floral electric fields by bumblebees

African elephants can use human pointing cues to find hidden food

Underground signals carried through common mycelial networks warn neighbouring plants of aphid attack

Bottlenose dolphins can use learned vocal labels to address each other

Wild pollinators enhance fruit set of crops regardless of honey bee abundance

Food sharing in vampire bats: reciprocal help predicts donations more than relatedness or harassment

Kin recognition affects plant communication and defence

What’s the ‘buzz’ about? The ecology and evolutionary significance of buzz-pollination

Survival of the stillest: predator avoidance in shark embryos

Social learning in juvenile lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris

Why flower visitation is a poor proxy for pollination

Nectar bacteria, but not yeast, weaken a plant–pollinator mutualism

High flight costs, but low dive costs, in auks support the biomechanical hypothesis for flightlessness in penguins

Brief communication: Swimming and diving behavior in apes (Pan troglodytes and Pongo pygmaeus): First documented report

GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE genes mediate leaf-to-leaf wound signalling

The genetic basis of white tigers

Social learning spreads knowledge about dangerous humans among American crows

Brain imaging reveals neuronal circuitry underlying the crow's perception of human faces

Long-term memory for affiliates in ravens

Spontaneous innovation in tool manufacture and use in a Goffin’s cockatoo

Cultural traditions and the evolution of reproductive isolation: ecological speciation in killer whales?

Trophic cascades in Yellowstone: The first 15 years after wolf reintroduction

The Paleozoic origin of enzymatic lignin decomposition reconstructed from 31 fungal genomes

Towards understanding plant bioacoustics

Stop signals provide cross inhibition in collective decision-making by honeybee swarms

An embodied view of octopus neurobiology

Evidence of social communities in a spatially structured network of a free-ranging shark species

Mechanisms of plant defense against insect herbivores

Hearing with an atympanic ear: good vibration and poor sound-pressure detection in the royal python, Python regius

Insights into hominid evolution from the gorilla genome sequence

Nerve dependence in tissue, organ, and appendage regeneration

Skin shedding and tissue regeneration in African spiny mice (Acomys)

Specifying and sustaining pigmentation patterns in domestic and wild cats

Prey preferences of the tiger Panthera tigris

Octopus vulgaris uses visual information to determine the location of its arm

Flexibility in the foraging strategies of spiders

Flower constancy in insect pollinators: adaptive foraging behaviour or cognitive limitation?

Mushroom

How many flowering plants are pollinated by animals?

Hibernation in black bears: independence of metabolic suppression from body temperature

Biology of Spiders

Spider Behaviour: Flexibility and Versatility

In pursuit of Irving and Scholander: a review of oxygen store management in seals and penguins

Coordinated Movements Prevent Jamming in an Emperor Penguin Huddle

Extreme Conservation Leads to Recovery of the Virunga Mountain Gorillas

Survival in extreme environments - on the current knowledge of adaptations in tardigrades

Why the leopard got its spots: relating pattern development to ecology in felids

Adapted to roar: functional morphology of tiger and lion vocal folds

Lasting recognition of threatening people by wild American crows

Sleep deprivation impairs precision of waggle dance signaling in honey bees

Navigational mechanisms of migrating monarch butterflies

Bioprospecting finds the toughest biological material: extraordinary silk from a giant riverine orb spider

Are wolves saving Yellowstone’s aspen? A landscape-level test of a behaviorally mediated trophic cascade

Keeping track of time: evidence for episodic-like memory in great apes

Honeybee colony thermoregulation — regulatory mechanisms and contribution of individuals

Nectar robbing: ecological and evolutionary perspectives

Molecular basis of infrared detection by snakes

Explaining evolution of plant communication by airborne signals

Spatial structure of Amur (Siberian) tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) on Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik, Russia

Bringing the tiger back from the brink—the six percent solution

Defensive tool use in a coconut-carrying octopus

Urban mockingbirds quickly learn to identify individual humans

Tiger moth jams bat sonar

Do New Caledonian crows solve physical problems through causal reasoning?

Evolving Darwin’s most wonderful plant: ecological steps to a snap-trap

Reconstructing web evolution and spider diversification in the molecular era

Gestural communication of the gorilla (Gorilla gorilla): repertoire, intentionality and possible origins

Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor

Cells keep a memory of their tissue origin during axolotl limb regeneration

High-Temperature Tolerance in Anhydrobiotic Tardigrades Is Limited by Glass Transition

Group territoriality and the benefits of sociality in the African lion, Panthera leo

A tiger cannot change its stripes: using a three-dimensional model to match images of living tigers and tiger skins

Why do dolphins carry sponges?

Honey for nutrition and health: a review

Bird Song: Biological Themes and Variations

Severe drought and calf survival in elephants

Vocal mimicry in songbirds

Cetacean sleep: an unusual form of mammalian sleep

Lichen Biology

Nutritional control of reproductive status in honeybees via DNA methylation

Do all animals sleep?

Stereotypical resting behavior of the sperm whale

Smed-βcatenin-1 is required for anteroposterior blastema polarity in planarian regeneration

Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolution

Tardigrades survive exposure to space in low Earth orbit

Factors associated with human-killing tigers in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Elephants classify human ethnic groups by odor and garment color

Cephalopod dynamic camouflage

Within-plant signaling by volatiles leads to induction and priming of an indirect plant defense in nature

Nectaries and Nectar

Evolution of Animal Photoperiodism

Why polyps regenerate and we don't: Towards a cellular and molecular framework for Hydra regeneration

Self-recognition in an Asian elephant

Behavioural reactions of elephants towards a dying and deceased matriarch

Wild elephant (Loxodonta africana) breeding herds respond to artificially transmitted seismic stimuli

The ant odometer: stepping on stilts and stumps

Teaching in tandem-running ants

Grey parrot numerical competence: a review

Signature whistle shape conveys identity information to bottlenose dolphins

Selective foraging by fish-eating killer whales Orcinus orca in British Columbia

Seed dormancy and the control of germination

Volatile signaling in plant–plant interactions: "talking trees" in the genomics era

Mechanisms and evolution of deceptive pollination in orchids

Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes

Deep-diving foraging behaviour of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus)

The origin of ambergris

The role of root exudates in rhizosphere interactions with plants and other organisms

Ravens, Corvus corax, differentiate between knowledgeable and ignorant competitors

The flight paths of honeybees recruited by the waggle dance

Honeybee (Apis mellifera) vision can discriminate between and recognise images of human faces

Honey bees navigate according to a map-like spatial memory

Cultural transmission of tool use in bottlenose dolphins

Elephants are capable of vocal learning

How the Venus flytrap snaps

The captured launch of a ballistospore

Short-amplitude high-frequency wing strokes determine the aerodynamics of honeybee flight

Life history and population dynamics of northern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) in British Columbia

First Observation of Tool Use in Wild Gorillas

Prey preferences of the lion (Panthera leo)

Optimal traffic organization in ants under crowded conditions

Honeybee combs: construction through a liquid equilibrium process?

The limits to tree height

A compound from smoke that promotes seed germination

The evolution of C4 photosynthesis

Pollination syndromes and floral specialization

Pollen and stigma structure and function: the role of diversity in pollination

Metabolic rate and body temperature reduction during hibernation and daily torpor

Western gorilla diet: a synthesis from six sites

Fundamentals of planarian regeneration

Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (Panthera tigris)

Tigers and their prey: predicting carnivore densities from prey abundance

Vocal clans in sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus)

The monopulsed nature of sperm whale clicks

Diving behaviour, dive cycles and aerobic dive limit in the platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus

Reproductive parameters of wild female Amur (Siberian) tigers (Panthera tigris altaica)

Shaping of hooks in New Caledonian crows

Environmentally induced plasticity in the hippocampus of food-caching birds

Electroreception in juvenile scalloped hammerhead and sandbar sharks

What songbirds teach us about learning

Mast seeding in perennial plants: why, how, where?

Xylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap

Mechanisms of long-distance dispersal of seeds by wind

Virtual migration in tethered flying monarch butterflies reveals their orientation mechanisms

Octopus senescence: the beginning of the end

Regulation of Diapause

Buoyancy and maximal diving depth in penguins: do they control inhaling air volume?

Estimates of the current global population size and historical trajectory for sperm whales

Heart regeneration in zebrafish

Long-term anhydrobiotic survival in semi-terrestrial micrometazoans

Sexual Selection, Temperature, and the Lion's Mane

Hyoid apparatus and pharynx in the lion (Panthera leo), jaguar (Panthera onca), tiger (Panthera tigris), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and domestic cat (Felis silvestris f. catus)

Purring and similar vocalizations in mammals

Matriarchs as repositories of social knowledge in African elephants

Cognitive behaviour in Asian elephants: use and modification of branches for fly switching

Regional magnetic fields as navigational markers for sea turtles

Killer whale predation on sperm whales: observations and implications

Liquid crystalline spinning of spider silk

Searching for the memory trace in a mini-brain, the honeybee

Mirror self-recognition in the bottlenose dolphin: A case of cognitive convergence

Echolocation by insect-eating bats

Control of octopus arm extension by a peripheral motor program

Defensive function of herbivore-induced plant volatile emissions in nature

Frequency-dependent Batesian mimicry

Genetic shift in photoperiodic response correlated with global warming

Facts and fiction about long-term survival in tardigrades

Factors affecting the hunting success of male and female lions in the Kruger National Park

Communication between plants: induced resistance in wild tobacco plants following clipping of neighboring sagebrush

Numerical and physical properties of orchid seeds and their biological implications

Dialect change in resident killer whales: implications for vocal learning and cultural transmission

Weathering of rocks induced by lichen colonization — a review

Maze-solving by an amoeboid organism

Rest in Drosophila is a sleep-like state

Life history and developmental processes in the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus

How 17-year cicadas keep track of time

Fungus-growing ants use antibiotic-producing bacteria to control garden parasites

Cultures in chimpanzees

Expression of amylase and glucose oxidase in the hypopharyngeal gland with an age-dependent role change of the worker honeybee

Alpha status, dominance, and division of labor in wolf packs

Saprotrophic cord-forming fungi: meeting the challenge of heterogeneous environments

Group decision making in swarms of honey bees

Common Raven (Corvus corax)

Exploration, play and habituation in octopuses (Octopus dofleini)

Orchid pollination by sexual swindle

Evolution of diversity in warning color and mimicry: polymorphisms, shifting balance, and speciation

Finding a parent in a king penguin colony: the acoustic system of individual recognition

Episodic-like memory during cache recovery by scrub jays

More g’s than the Space Shuttle: ballistospore discharge

A vertebrate model of extreme physiological regulation

Divorce in king penguins: asynchrony, expensive fat storing and ideal free mate choice

Field biology of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus): historical and current perspectives

Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures

Net transfer of carbon between ectomycorrhizal tree species in the field

Seed germination and dormancy

Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment

Liver Regeneration

Manufacture and use of hook-tools by New Caledonian crows

Reversing the Life Cycle: Medusae Transforming into Polyps and Cell Transdifferentiation in Turritopsis nutricula (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

Cephalopods as prey. III. Cetaceans

Can honey bees count landmarks?

Terrestrial Orchids: From Seed to Mycotrophic Plant

The Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution of Periodical Cicadas

The role of the tymbal in cicada sound production

Electroreception and the feeding behaviour of platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus: Monotremata: Mammalia)

A pharmacological and biochemical investigation of the venom from the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)

Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests

Why snakes have forked tongues

Roaring and numerical assessment in contests between groups of female lions, Panthera leo

Spider flexibly chooses aggressive mimicry signals for different prey by trial and error

The Sonar of Dolphins

The role of dispersal in structuring the Chitwan tiger population

Observational learning in Octopus vulgaris

The fungus Armillaria bulbosa is among the largest and oldest living organisms

Two levels of alliance formation among male bottlenose dolphins

Vocal traditions among resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) in coastal waters of British Columbia

Warming up for sleep? Ground squirrels sleep during arousals from hibernation

The Ants

Hymenoptera venoms: striving toward the ultimate development of a non-allergenic venom

Signature whistles of free-ranging bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus: stability and mother-offspring comparisons

Why Lions Form Groups: Food is Not Enough

Self-organized shortcuts in the Argentine ant

Scent marking in free-ranging tigers, Panthera tigris

Winter foraging at carcasses by three sympatric corvids, with emphasis on recruitment by the raven, Corvus corax

The Biology of the Honey Bee

Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the spatial frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in display and crypsis

Electroreception and electrolocation in platypus

Honeybee Ecology: A Study of Adaptation in Social Life

Comprehension of sentences by bottlenosed dolphins

Reciprocal food sharing in the vampire bat

Rapid changes in tree leaf chemistry induced by damage: evidence for communication between plants

Adaptations of Female Lions to Infanticide by Incoming Males

Ecology of seed dispersal

Increased Reproductive Success at High Densities and Predator Satiation for Periodical Cicadas

Cooperation and competition within coalitions of male lions: kin selection or game theory?

A brain for all seasons: cyclical anatomical changes in song control nuclei of the canary brain

Panthera tigris

The social organization of tigers (Panthera tigris) in Royal Chitawan National Park, Nepal

Monkey responses to three different alarm calls: evidence of predator classification and semantic communication

Can an ape create a sentence?

Octopus: Physiology and Behaviour of an Advanced Invertebrate

Xylem feeding by periodical cicada nymphs on tree roots

Temperature Regulation in the Platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus: Production and Loss of Metabolic Heat in Air and Water

Sperm whale codas

Arterio-venous heat exchange systems in the Jackass penguin Spheniscus demersus

Plant "primary perception": electrophysiological unresponsiveness to brine shrimp killing

Magnetic compass of European robins

The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator-Prey Relations

The electric sense of sharks and rays

Periodical Cicada: Sound Production and Hearing

A comparative approach to vocal learning: song development in white-crowned sparrows

Qualitative scale for estimating sulphur dioxide air pollution in England and Wales using epiphytic lichens

Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests

Wettability and Phylogenetic Development of Feather Structure in Water Birds

Function of the spermaceti organ of the sperm whale

Structure of the Retinae of the Principal Eyes of Jumping Spiders (Salticidae: Dendryphantinae) in Relation to Visual Optics

The Dance Language and Orientation of Bees

Migratory Orientation in the Indigo Bunting, Passerina cyanea: Part I: Evidence for Use of Celestial Cues

A technique for recording migratory orientation of captive birds

Two types of orientation in migrating starlings and chaffinches, as revealed by displacement experiments

The path of carbon in photosynthesis V: paper chromatography and radioautography of the products

The sensory basis of obstacle avoidance by flying bats

Heavy oxygen (O18) as a tracer in the study of photosynthesis

Oxygen produced by isolated chloroplasts

Insectivorous Plants

Observations on different kinds of air