Research we cite

Aedes aegypti breeding detected in England: surveillance statement

African elephants address one another with individually specific name-like calls

Contextual and combinatorial structure in sperm whale vocalisations

Wake-like skin patterning and neural activity during octopus sleep

Targeted treatment of injured nestmates with antimicrobial compounds in an ant society

Positive citation bias and overinterpreted results lead to misinformation on common mycorrhizal networks in forests

Re-examining the evidence for the mother tree hypothesis – resource sharing among trees via ectomycorrhizal networks

Associative learning in the box jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora

Nesting chinstrap penguins accrue large quantities of sleep through seconds-long microsleeps

Sounds emitted by plants under stress are airborne and informative

Electrical potentials in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor after a rainfall event

Social signal learning of the waggle dance in honey bees

Language of fungi derived from their electrical spiking activity

Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates

Computational bioacoustics with deep learning: a review and roadmap

Cyclic alternation of quiet and active sleep states in the octopus

Male lyrebirds create a complex acoustic illusion of a mobbing flock during courtship and copulation

Half a century of global decline in oceanic sharks and rays

Wolf attacks on humans: an update for 2002–2020

Chest beats as an honest signal of body size in male mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei)

Adaptation of sperm whales to open-boat whalers: rapid social learning on a large scale?

Biofluorescence in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)

Developmental genetics of color pattern establishment in cats

On tree longevity

Root traits as drivers of plant and ecosystem functioning: current understanding, pitfalls and future research needs

The contribution of insects to global forest deadwood decomposition

A neural correlate of sensory consciousness in a corvid bird

Calcium dynamics during trap closure visualized in transgenic Venus flytrap

Continent-wide shifts in song dialects of white-throated sparrows

Singing in a silent spring: Birds respond to a half-century soundscape reversion during the COVID-19 shutdown

The biology of tardigrade disordered proteins in extreme stress tolerance

What Defines Different Modes of Snake Locomotion?

Aggregation and social interaction in garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis)

Lack of evidence for associative learning in pea plants

Thermotolerance experiments on active and desiccated states of Ramazzottius varieornatus emphasize that tardigrades are sensitive to high temperatures

Climate-driven risks to the climate mitigation potential of forests

Numerical cognition in honeybees enables addition and subtraction

New insights from female bird song: towards an integrated approach to studying male and female communication roles

Culture and cultural evolution in birds: a review of the evidence

Evolution of vocal learning and spoken language

Morphology and genome of a snailfish from the Mariana Trench

Benefits of zebra stripes: behaviour of tabanid flies around zebras and horses

Diverse deep-sea anglerfishes share a genetically reduced luminous symbiont that is acquired from the environment

The UK’s suitability for Aedes albopictus in current and future climates

Mushroom poisoning: a proposed new clinical classification

Feeding in Snakes: Form, Function, and Evolution of the Feeding System

Plants Neither Possess nor Require Consciousness

Psychoactive plant- and mushroom-associated alkaloids from two behavior modifying cicada pathogens

Optimizing colour for camouflage and visibility using deep learning: the effects of the environment and the observer's visual system

The global tree restoration potential

Comment on "The global tree restoration potential"

Light in the Fungal World: From Photoreception to Gene Transcription and Beyond

Numerical ordering of zero in honey bees

Animals remember previous facial expressions that specific humans have exhibited

Long-distance navigation and magnetoreception in migratory animals

Cultural conformity generates extremely stable traditions in bird song

A continental system for forecasting bird migration

Biomechanics of predator–prey arms race in lion, zebra, cheetah and impala

A review of thanatosis (death feigning) as an anti-predator behaviour

Venus flytrap: how an excitable, carnivorous plant works

Multiple optic gland signaling pathways implicated in octopus maternal behaviors and death

WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies: third report

Electric fields elicit ballooning in spiders

Avoiding Attack: The Evolutionary Ecology of Crypsis, Aposematism, and Mimicry

Amatoxin-containing mushroom poisonings: species, toxidromes, treatments

Mushroom poisoning epidemiology in the United States

The axolotl genome and the evolution of key tissue formation regulators

Glutamate triggers long-distance, calcium-based plant defense signaling

A specialized fungal parasite (Massospora cicadina) hijacks the sexual signals of periodical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada)

Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of natural history and adaptation in the world's tigers

Limits to tree growth and longevity

On spiking behaviour of oyster fungi Pleurotus djamor

Ravens parallel great apes in flexible planning for tool-use and bartering

Bumblebees show cognitive flexibility by improving on an observed complex behavior

Country-specific effects of neonicotinoid pesticides on honey bees and wild bees

Saving the injured: Rescue behavior in the termite-hunting ant Megaponera analis

Reproductive conflict and the evolution of menopause in killer whales

An estimated 400–800 million tons of prey are annually killed by the global spider community

Nematophagous fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora mimics olfactory cues of sex and food to lure its nematode prey

The origin and diversification of mitochondria

Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals

A test of the hierarchical model of litter decomposition

Importance of a species’ socioecology: Wolves outperform dogs in a conspecific cooperation task

Fungal diversity revisited: 2.2 to 3.8 million species

Extended spider cognition

Snakebite envenoming

Chimpanzee super strength and human skeletal muscle evolution

Defense Priming: An Adaptive Part of Induced Resistance

Tardigrades Use Intrinsically Disordered Proteins to Survive Desiccation

Forest disturbances under climate change

Three-dimensional visualization and a deep-learning model reveal complex fungal parasite networks in behaviorally manipulated ants

Tool bending in New Caledonian crows

Discovery of species-wide tool use in the Hawaiian crow

Ravens attribute visual access to unseen competitors

Mechanosensory hairs in bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) detect weak electric fields

Spectral discrimination in color blind animals via chromatic aberration and pupil shape

Signal use by octopuses in agonistic interactions

The Venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula counts prey-induced action potentials to induce sodium uptake

Belowground carbon trade among tall trees in a temperate forest

Discrimination of human faces by archerfish (Toxotes chatareus)

Experimental evidence for compositional syntax in bird calls

The industrial melanism mutation in British peppered moths is a transposable element

Zebra stripes through the eyes of their predators, zebra and humans

Reciprocal signaling in honeyguide-human mutualism

Everyday bat vocalizations contain information about emitter, addressee, context, and behavior

Olfaction contributes to pelagic navigation in a coastal shark

Basidiomycete yeasts in the cortex of ascomycete macrolichens

Tuning the instrument: sonic properties in the spider’s web

Mushrooms use convectively created airflows to disperse their spores

Eye lens radiocarbon reveals centuries of longevity in the Greenland shark

Genome-culture coevolution promotes rapid divergence of killer whale ecotypes

Habituation in non-neural organisms: evidence from slime moulds

Evidence that birds sleep in mid-flight

Slow waves, sharp waves, ripples, and REM in sleeping dragons

Mechanisms of mast seeding: resources, weather, cues, and selection

Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and trophic levels

Visual Pigments, Ocular Filters and the Evolution of Snake Vision

Extremotolerant tardigrade genome and improved radiotolerance of human cultured cells by tardigrade-unique protein

Individual, unit and vocal clan level identity cues in sperm whale codas

Wild American crows gather around their dead to learn about danger

Neurons selective to the number of visual items in the corvid songbird endbrain

Potential mechanisms for cancer resistance in elephants and comparative cellular response to DNA damage in humans

The octopus genome and the evolution of cephalopod neural and morphological novelties

Eye-independent, light-activated chromatophore expansion (LACE) and expression of phototransduction genes in the skin of Octopus bimaculoides

Are ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) capable of self recognition?

Number-space mapping in the newborn chick resembles humans’ mental number line

Ecological knowledge, leadership, and the evolution of menopause in killer whales

Eurasian Reed Warblers Compensate for Virtual Magnetic Displacement

Evidence for Geomagnetic Imprinting and Magnetic Navigation in the Natal Homing of Sea Turtles

Terrestrial animal tracking as an eye on life and planet

Aquatic animal telemetry: A panoramic window into the underwater world

Daily torpor and hibernation in birds and mammals

Mechanistic origins of bombardier beetle (Brachinini) explosion-induced defensive spray pulsation

How the zebra got its stripes: a problem with too many solutions

Determining the null model for detecting adaptive convergence from genomic data: a case study using echolocating mammals

The contentious nature of soil organic matter

The global distribution of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus

Trail pheromones: an integrative view of their role in social insect colony organization

Circadian control sheds light on fungal bioluminescence

Long-range seasonal migration in insects: mechanisms, evolutionary drivers and ecological consequences

The axolotl limb blastema: cellular and molecular mechanisms driving blastema formation and limb regeneration in tetrapods

Snake constriction rapidly induces circulatory arrest in rats

Lion (Panthera leo) populations are declining rapidly across Africa, except in intensively managed areas

Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

Mycorrhizal ecology and evolution: the past, the present, and the future

Fungal volatile organic compounds and their role in ecosystems

Ravens notice dominance reversals among conspecifics within and outside their social group

Still no convincing evidence for cognitive map use by honeybees

Elephants can determine ethnicity, gender, and age from acoustic cues in human voices

Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) reassure others in distress

Self-recognition mechanism between skin and suckers prevents octopus arms from interfering with each other

Female song is widespread and ancestral in songbirds

Artificial night lighting rather than traffic noise affects the daily timing of dawn and dusk singing in common European songbirds

A different form of color vision in mantis shrimp

Wood frog adaptations to overwintering in Alaska: new limits to freezing tolerance

Altitude adaptation in Tibetans caused by introgression of Denisovan-like DNA

Marine fish may be biochemically constrained from inhabiting the deepest ocean depths

The function of zebra stripes

Species-specific ant brain manipulation by a specialized fungal parasite

Advances in the study of coevolution between avian brood parasites and their hosts

The microbiome of New World vultures

Niche engineering demonstrates a latent capacity for fungal-algal mutualism

Belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning

Multisensory integration and behavioral plasticity in sharks from different ecological niches

Using the Aesop’s Fable paradigm to investigate causal understanding of water displacement by New Caledonian crows

Sub-adult ravens synchronize their play: a case of emotional contagion?

Bat flight and zoonotic viruses

Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination

Projected continent-wide declines of the emperor penguin under climate change

Experience teaches plants to learn faster and forget slower in environments where it matters

Monotreme lactation protein is highly expressed in monotreme milk and provides antimicrobial protection

Rate of tree carbon accumulation increases continuously with tree size

Volatile communication between plants that affects herbivory: a meta-analysis

Climate fails to predict wood decomposition at regional scales

Experimentally induced innovations lead to persistent culture via conformity in wild birds

Detection and learning of floral electric fields by bumblebees

African elephants can use human pointing cues to find hidden food

Underground signals carried through common mycelial networks warn neighbouring plants of aphid attack

Bottlenose dolphins can use learned vocal labels to address each other

Wild pollinators enhance fruit set of crops regardless of honey bee abundance

Open-ended song learning in a hummingbird

Sensory Ecology, Behaviour, and Evolution

Coldness Triggers Northward Flight in Remigrant Monarch Butterflies

Social Learning of Migratory Performance

Evidence for Geomagnetic Imprinting as a Homing Mechanism in Pacific Salmon

Forty years of olfactory navigation in birds

Avoidance and tolerance of freezing in ectothermic vertebrates

Locomotion dynamics of hunting in wild cheetahs

Cheetahs do not abandon hunts because they overheat

Complex cocktails: the evolutionary novelty of venoms

Nematode-trapping fungi eavesdrop on nematode pheromones

Genome-wide signatures of convergent evolution in echolocating mammals

The genetic causes of convergent evolution

Stream hydrology limits recovery of riparian ecosystems after wolf reintroduction

The intermediate disturbance hypothesis should be abandoned

Impacts of biological invasions: what’s what and the way forward

Speak, friend, and enter: signalling systems that promote beneficial symbiotic associations in plants

Modelling adult Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus survival at different temperatures in laboratory and field settings

Food sharing in vampire bats: reciprocal help predicts donations more than relatedness or harassment

Kin recognition affects plant communication and defence

What’s the ‘buzz’ about? The ecology and evolutionary significance of buzz-pollination

Survival of the stillest: predator avoidance in shark embryos

Social learning in juvenile lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris

Why flower visitation is a poor proxy for pollination

Nectar bacteria, but not yeast, weaken a plant–pollinator mutualism

High flight costs, but low dive costs, in auks support the biomechanical hypothesis for flightlessness in penguins

Brief communication: Swimming and diving behavior in apes (Pan troglodytes and Pongo pygmaeus): First documented report

GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE genes mediate leaf-to-leaf wound signalling

The genetic basis of white tigers

Cutting xylem under tension or supersaturated with gas can generate PLC and the appearance of rapid recovery from embolism

The Microbial Efficiency-Matrix Stabilization (MEMS) framework integrates plant litter decomposition with soil organic matter stabilization: do labile plant inputs form stable soil organic matter?

Communication in bottlenose dolphins: 50 years of signature whistle research

Network-Based Diffusion Analysis Reveals Cultural Transmission of Lobtail Feeding in Humpback Whales

Social learning spreads knowledge about dangerous humans among American crows

Brain imaging reveals neuronal circuitry underlying the crow's perception of human faces

Long-term memory for affiliates in ravens

Spontaneous innovation in tool manufacture and use in a Goffin’s cockatoo

Cultural traditions and the evolution of reproductive isolation: ecological speciation in killer whales?

Vertical transmission of learned signatures in a wild parrot

Ancient climate change, antifreeze, and the evolutionary diversification of Antarctic fishes

Nonlinear effects of group size on the success of wolves hunting elk

Snake modulates constriction in response to prey’s heartbeat

Selective bird predation on the peppered moth: the last experiment of Michael Majerus

Microstructured barbs on the North American porcupine quill enable easy tissue penetration and difficult removal

Predatory fish select for coordinated collective motion in virtual prey

Animal Eyes

Parallel molecular evolution in an herbivore community

A review of the invasive mosquitoes in Europe: ecology, public health risks, and control options

Trophic cascades in Yellowstone: The first 15 years after wolf reintroduction

The Paleozoic origin of enzymatic lignin decomposition reconstructed from 31 fungal genomes

Towards understanding plant bioacoustics

Stop signals provide cross inhibition in collective decision-making by honeybee swarms

An embodied view of octopus neurobiology

Evidence of social communities in a spatially structured network of a free-ranging shark species

Mechanisms of plant defense against insect herbivores

Hearing with an atympanic ear: good vibration and poor sound-pressure detection in the royal python, Python regius

Insights into hominid evolution from the gorilla genome sequence

Nerve dependence in tissue, organ, and appendage regeneration

Skin shedding and tissue regeneration in African spiny mice (Acomys)

Specifying and sustaining pigmentation patterns in domestic and wild cats

Prey preferences of the tiger Panthera tigris

Global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought

Octopus vulgaris uses visual information to determine the location of its arm

Flexibility in the foraging strategies of spiders

Flower constancy in insect pollinators: adaptive foraging behaviour or cognitive limitation?

The sense of touch in the star-nosed mole: from mechanoreceptors to the brain

Climate change and evolutionary adaptation

Programming desiccation-tolerance: from plants to seeds to resurrection plants

Elevated performance: the unique physiology of birds that fly at high altitudes

The trans-Himalayan flights of bar-headed geese

Behavioral mechanisms and morphological symptoms of zombie ants dying from fungal infection

A parasite in wolf’s clothing: hawk mimicry reduces mobbing of cuckoos by hosts

Propagating waves in starling, Sturnus vulgaris, flocks under predation

Don’t judge species on their origins

Mushroom

How many flowering plants are pollinated by animals?

Hibernation in black bears: independence of metabolic suppression from body temperature

Biology of Spiders

Spider Behaviour: Flexibility and Versatility

In pursuit of Irving and Scholander: a review of oxygen store management in seals and penguins

Coordinated Movements Prevent Jamming in an Emperor Penguin Huddle

Extreme Conservation Leads to Recovery of the Virunga Mountain Gorillas

Survival in extreme environments - on the current knowledge of adaptations in tardigrades

Why the leopard got its spots: relating pattern development to ecology in felids

Adapted to roar: functional morphology of tiger and lion vocal folds

A large and persistent carbon sink in the world's forests

Reciprocal rewards stabilize cooperation in the mycorrhizal symbiosis

Dynamic Horizontal Cultural Transmission of Humpback Whale Song at the Ocean Basin Scale

Lasting recognition of threatening people by wild American crows

Sleep deprivation impairs precision of waggle dance signaling in honey bees

Navigational mechanisms of migrating monarch butterflies

Bioprospecting finds the toughest biological material: extraordinary silk from a giant riverine orb spider

Birds and mammals sing at a higher pitch in noisy areas: adaptation to habitat acoustics or side effect of amplitude?

The function of bilateral odor arrival time differences in olfactory orientation of sharks

Tracking of Arctic terns Sterna paradisaea reveals longest animal migration

The physiology of climate change: how potentials for acclimatization and genetic adaptation will determine “winners” and “losers”

Sequencing of 50 human exomes reveals adaptation to high altitude

Predator cognition permits imperfect coral snake mimicry

Bioluminescence in the sea

Bioluminescence in the ocean: origins of biological, chemical, and ecological diversity

Visual modeling shows that avian host parents use multiple visual cues in rejecting parasitic eggs

Scale-free correlations in starling flocks

Spatial pattern enhances ecosystem functioning in an African savanna

Are wolves saving Yellowstone’s aspen? A landscape-level test of a behaviorally mediated trophic cascade

Keeping track of time: evidence for episodic-like memory in great apes

Honeybee colony thermoregulation — regulatory mechanisms and contribution of individuals

Nectar robbing: ecological and evolutionary perspectives

Molecular basis of infrared detection by snakes

Explaining evolution of plant communication by airborne signals

Spatial structure of Amur (Siberian) tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) on Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik, Russia

Bringing the tiger back from the brink—the six percent solution

Aging in a long-lived clonal tree

A meta-analysis of context-dependency in plant response to inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi

Interplant communication of tomato plants through underground common mycorrhizal networks

A Negative Feedback Signal That Is Triggered by Peril Curbs Honey Bee Recruitment

Defensive tool use in a coconut-carrying octopus

Urban mockingbirds quickly learn to identify individual humans

De novo establishment of wild-type song culture in the zebra finch

Lateral line system of fish

Antennal Circadian Clocks Coordinate Sun Compass Orientation in Migratory Monarch Butterflies

Extreme endurance flights by landbirds crossing the Pacific Ocean: ecological corridor rather than barrier?

Tracking Long-Distance Songbird Migration by Using Geolocators

The toxicogenomic multiverse: convergent recruitment of proteins into animal venoms

Animal camouflage: current issues and new perspectives

To cut a long tail short: a review of lizard caudal autotomy studies carried out over the last 20 years

The life of a dead ant: the expression of an adaptive extended phenotype

Manipulation of host behavior by parasitic insects and insect parasites

Carbon flow in the rhizosphere: carbon trading at the soil–root interface

Tiger moth jams bat sonar

Do New Caledonian crows solve physical problems through causal reasoning?

Evolving Darwin’s most wonderful plant: ecological steps to a snap-trap

Reconstructing web evolution and spider diversification in the molecular era

Gestural communication of the gorilla (Gorilla gorilla): repertoire, intentionality and possible origins

Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor

Cells keep a memory of their tissue origin during axolotl limb regeneration

High-Temperature Tolerance in Anhydrobiotic Tardigrades Is Limited by Glass Transition

Group territoriality and the benefits of sociality in the African lion, Panthera leo

A tiger cannot change its stripes: using a three-dimensional model to match images of living tigers and tiger skins

Why do dolphins carry sponges?

Honey for nutrition and health: a review

Bird Song: Biological Themes and Variations

The Anna's hummingbird chirps with its tail: a new mechanism of sonation in birds

Sensory ecology on the high seas: the odor world of the procellariiform seabirds

Impacts of climate warming on terrestrial ectotherms across latitude

Conspicuousness, not eye mimicry, makes eyespots effective antipredator signals

Counting the cost of vulture decline — an appraisal of the human health and other benefits of vultures in India

Interaction ruling animal collective behavior depends on topological rather than metric distance: evidence from a field study

Breakdown of an ant-plant mutualism follows the loss of large herbivores

The global stoichiometry of litter nitrogen mineralization

Severe drought and calf survival in elephants

Vocal mimicry in songbirds

Cetacean sleep: an unusual form of mammalian sleep

Lichen Biology

Nutritional control of reproductive status in honeybees via DNA methylation

Do all animals sleep?

Stereotypical resting behavior of the sperm whale

Smed-βcatenin-1 is required for anteroposterior blastema polarity in planarian regeneration

Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolution

Tardigrades survive exposure to space in low Earth orbit

Factors associated with human-killing tigers in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

The transpiration of water at negative pressures in a synthetic tree

Old-growth forests as global carbon sinks

Plant species traits are the predominant control on litter decomposition rates within biomes worldwide

Prairie dog alarm calls encode labels about predator colors

Elephants classify human ethnic groups by odor and garment color

Cephalopod dynamic camouflage

What Is Migration?

Evidence for a navigational map stretching across the continental U.S. in a migratory songbird

Two routes to functional adaptation: Tibetan and Andean high-altitude natives

Hypoxia tolerance in reptiles, amphibians, and fishes: life with variable oxygen availability

Countershading enhances cryptic protection: an experiment with wild birds and artificial prey

Oribatid mites as a major dietary source for alkaloids in poison frogs

Nuthatches eavesdrop on variations in heterospecific chickadee mobbing alarm calls

Within-plant signaling by volatiles leads to induction and priming of an indirect plant defense in nature

Nectaries and Nectar

Evolution of Animal Photoperiodism

Why polyps regenerate and we don't: Towards a cellular and molecular framework for Hydra regeneration

Self-recognition in an Asian elephant

Behavioural reactions of elephants towards a dying and deceased matriarch

Wild elephant (Loxodonta africana) breeding herds respond to artificially transmitted seismic stimuli

The ant odometer: stepping on stilts and stumps

Teaching in tandem-running ants

Grey parrot numerical competence: a review

Phylogenetic and ecological determinants of the neotropical dawn chorus

Polarization vision

Underwater "sniffing" by semi-aquatic mammals

Eco-physiological phases of insect diapause

When bad things happen to good fish: the loss of hemoglobin and myoglobin expression in Antarctic icefishes

Disruptive coloration provides camouflage independent of background matching

Color blindness and contrast perception in cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) determined by a visual sensorimotor assay

The costs of autotomy and regeneration in animals: a review and framework for future research

Image scoring and cooperation in a cleaner fish mutualism

Evolution of character displacement in Darwin’s finches

The role of zooxanthellae in the thermal tolerance of corals: a nugget of hope for coral reefs in an era of climate change

Signature whistle shape conveys identity information to bottlenose dolphins

Selective foraging by fish-eating killer whales Orcinus orca in British Columbia

Seed dormancy and the control of germination

Volatile signaling in plant–plant interactions: "talking trees" in the genomics era

Mechanisms and evolution of deceptive pollination in orchids

Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes

Deep-diving foraging behaviour of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus)

The origin of ambergris

The role of root exudates in rhizosphere interactions with plants and other organisms

Teaching in Wild Meerkats

Ravens, Corvus corax, differentiate between knowledgeable and ignorant competitors

The flight paths of honeybees recruited by the waggle dance

Honeybee (Apis mellifera) vision can discriminate between and recognise images of human faces

Honey bees navigate according to a map-like spatial memory

Functional aspects of song learning in songbirds

Disruptive coloration and background pattern matching

The complex business of survival by aposematism

The role of eyespots as anti-predator mechanisms, principally demonstrated in the Lepidoptera

Prey survival by predator intimidation: an experimental study of peacock butterfly defence against blue tits

Secret Weapons: Defenses of Insects, Spiders, Scorpions, and Other Many-Legged Creatures

Dimorphism, parasitism, and sex revisited: modes of reproduction among deep-sea ceratioid anglerfishes

Effective leadership and decision-making in animal groups on the move

Loss of foundation species: consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystems

Biodiversity and litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems

Cultural transmission of tool use in bottlenose dolphins

Elephants are capable of vocal learning

How the Venus flytrap snaps

The captured launch of a ballistospore

Short-amplitude high-frequency wing strokes determine the aerodynamics of honeybee flight

Life history and population dynamics of northern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) in British Columbia

First Observation of Tool Use in Wild Gorillas

Prey preferences of the lion (Panthera leo)

Allometry of Alarm Calls: Black-Capped Chickadees Encode Information About Predator Size

Optimal traffic organization in ants under crowded conditions

Honeybee combs: construction through a liquid equilibrium process?

A review of hypotheses for the functions of avian duetting

Geomagnetic map used in sea-turtle navigation

Avian olfactory navigation: its empirical foundation and conceptual state

Familiar route loyalty implies visual pilotage in the homing pigeon

Metabolic rate depression in animals: transcriptional and translational controls

Hypoxic survival strategies in two fishes: extreme anoxia tolerance in the North European crucian carp and natural hypoxic preconditioning in a coral-reef shark

Is death-feigning adaptive? Heritable variation in fitness difference of death-feigning behaviour

The winnowing: establishing the squid–Vibrio symbiosis

Morphogenesis in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora: an extensive plasticity of infection structures

Obligate vertebrate scavengers must be large soaring fliers

Diclofenac residues as the cause of vulture population decline in Pakistan

Non-native invasive earthworms as agents of change in northern temperate forests

Detritus, trophic dynamics and biodiversity

Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota

A history of research on the link between (micro)aggregates, soil biota, and soil organic matter dynamics

The limits to tree height

A compound from smoke that promotes seed germination

The evolution of C4 photosynthesis

Pollination syndromes and floral specialization

Pollen and stigma structure and function: the role of diversity in pollination

Metabolic rate and body temperature reduction during hibernation and daily torpor

Western gorilla diet: a synthesis from six sites

Fundamentals of planarian regeneration

Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (Panthera tigris)

Tigers and their prey: predicting carnivore densities from prey abundance

Hyphal homing, fusion and mycelial interconnectedness

Birds sing at a higher pitch in urban noise

Long-distance migration: evolution and determinants

Acclimation capacity underlies susceptibility to climate change

Vocal clans in sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus)

The monopulsed nature of sperm whale clicks

Diving behaviour, dive cycles and aerobic dive limit in the platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus

Reproductive parameters of wild female Amur (Siberian) tigers (Panthera tigris altaica)

Coarse-scale population structure of pathogenic Armillaria species in a mixed-conifer forest in the Blue Mountains of northeast Oregon

Shaping of hooks in New Caledonian crows

Environmentally induced plasticity in the hippocampus of food-caching birds

Lateralization of magnetic compass orientation in a migratory bird

Unpredictable evolution in a 30-year study of Darwin’s finches

Positive interactions among alpine plants increase with stress

Asymmetric cheating opportunities and partner control in a cleaner fish mutualism

Electroreception in juvenile scalloped hammerhead and sandbar sharks

What songbirds teach us about learning

Mast seeding in perennial plants: why, how, where?

Xylem Structure and the Ascent of Sap

Mechanisms of long-distance dispersal of seeds by wind

Virtual migration in tethered flying monarch butterflies reveals their orientation mechanisms

Octopus senescence: the beginning of the end

Regulation of Diapause

Buoyancy and maximal diving depth in penguins: do they control inhaling air volume?

Estimates of the current global population size and historical trajectory for sperm whales

Heart regeneration in zebrafish

Long-term anhydrobiotic survival in semi-terrestrial micrometazoans

Sexual Selection, Temperature, and the Lion's Mane

Hyoid apparatus and pharynx in the lion (Panthera leo), jaguar (Panthera onca), tiger (Panthera tigris), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and domestic cat (Felis silvestris f. catus)

Purring and similar vocalizations in mammals

Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the USA

The global biogeography of roots

Matriarchs as repositories of social knowledge in African elephants

Cognitive behaviour in Asian elephants: use and modification of branches for fly switching

Regional magnetic fields as navigational markers for sea turtles

Killer whale predation on sperm whales: observations and implications

Liquid crystalline spinning of spider silk

Searching for the memory trace in a mini-brain, the honeybee

Dynamics of the vocal imitation process: how a zebra finch learns its song

The visual ecology of avian photoreceptors

Polarization vision — a uniform sensory capacity?

Hydrodynamic trail-following in harbor seals

Cryptobiosis — a peculiar state of biological organization

Antifreeze and ice nucleator proteins in terrestrial arthropods

Life in extreme environments

The exploitation of mutualisms

Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems

Mirror self-recognition in the bottlenose dolphin: A case of cognitive convergence

Echolocation by insect-eating bats

Control of octopus arm extension by a peripheral motor program

Defensive function of herbivore-induced plant volatile emissions in nature

Frequency-dependent Batesian mimicry

Genetic shift in photoperiodic response correlated with global warming

Facts and fiction about long-term survival in tardigrades

Factors affecting the hunting success of male and female lions in the Kruger National Park

Trends in wood density and structure are linked to prevention of xylem implosion by negative pressure

A model for photoreceptor-based magnetoreception in birds

The evolution of vegetative desiccation tolerance in land plants

Prospects for controlling animal parasitic nematodes by predacious micro fungi

Mechanisms of maintenance of species diversity

Communication between plants: induced resistance in wild tobacco plants following clipping of neighboring sagebrush

Numerical and physical properties of orchid seeds and their biological implications

Dialect change in resident killer whales: implications for vocal learning and cultural transmission

Weathering of rocks induced by lichen colonization — a review

Maze-solving by an amoeboid organism

Rest in Drosophila is a sleep-like state

Life history and developmental processes in the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus

How 17-year cicadas keep track of time

Interspecific combative interactions between wood-decaying basidiomycetes

Cultural revolution in whale songs

Fungus-growing ants use antibiotic-producing bacteria to control garden parasites

Cultures in chimpanzees

Expression of amylase and glucose oxidase in the hypopharyngeal gland with an age-dependent role change of the worker honeybee

Decrystallization of adult birdsong by perturbation of auditory feedback

Electroreception in monotremes

Metabolic depression in animals: physiological perspectives and biochemical generalizations

Heat-shock proteins, molecular chaperones, and the stress response: evolutionary and ecological physiology

Predator-prey arms races: asymmetrical selection on predators and prey may be reduced when prey are dangerous

Spray aiming in the bombardier beetle: photographic evidence

Signals of need in parent–offspring communication and their exploitation by the common cuckoo

Cleaner fish really do clean

Patterns in the fate of production in plant communities

Alpha status, dominance, and division of labor in wolf packs

Saprotrophic cord-forming fungi: meeting the challenge of heterogeneous environments

Group decision making in swarms of honey bees

Common Raven (Corvus corax)

Exploration, play and habituation in octopuses (Octopus dofleini)

Orchid pollination by sexual swindle

Evolution of diversity in warning color and mimicry: polymorphisms, shifting balance, and speciation

Finding a parent in a king penguin colony: the acoustic system of individual recognition

The magnitude and control of carbon transfer between plants linked by a common mycorrhizal network

Episodic-like memory during cache recovery by scrub jays

Song learning, early nutrition and sexual selection in songbirds

Electric fish measure distance in the dark

Biological ice nucleation and ice distribution in cold-hardy ectothermic animals

More g’s than the Space Shuttle: ballistospore discharge

A vertebrate model of extreme physiological regulation

Divorce in king penguins: asynchrony, expensive fat storing and ideal free mate choice

Field biology of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus): historical and current perspectives

Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures

Net transfer of carbon between ectomycorrhizal tree species in the field

Evolution of antifreeze glycoprotein gene from a trypsinogen gene in Antarctic notothenioid fish

Convergent evolution of antifreeze glycoproteins in Antarctic notothenioid fish and Arctic cod

Firefly “femmes fatales” acquire defensive steroids (lucibufagins) from their firefly prey

Seed germination and dormancy

Animal Physiology: Adaptation and Environment

Liver Regeneration

Manufacture and use of hook-tools by New Caledonian crows

Regional dialects in the contact call of a parrot

The Zebra Finch: A Synthesis of Field and Laboratory Studies

Ultraviolet vision and mate choice in zebra finches

Recognition errors and probability of parasitism determine whether reed warblers should accept or reject mimetic cuckoo eggs

Challenges in the quest for keystones

Reversing the Life Cycle: Medusae Transforming into Polyps and Cell Transdifferentiation in Turritopsis nutricula (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

Cephalopods as prey. III. Cetaceans

Maximum rooting depth of vegetation types at the global scale

Can honey bees count landmarks?

Terrestrial Orchids: From Seed to Mycotrophic Plant

The Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution of Periodical Cicadas

The role of the tymbal in cicada sound production

Electroreception and the feeding behaviour of platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus: Monotremata: Mammalia)

A pharmacological and biochemical investigation of the venom from the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)

Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests

Action potential-like activity found in fungal mycelia is sensitive to stimulation

Cooperative hunting in wild chimpanzees

Dietary source for skin alkaloids of poison frogs (Dendrobatidae)

Parasitoids: Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology

Experimental evidence that competition promotes divergence in adaptive radiation

Organisms as ecosystem engineers

Positive interactions in communities

Why snakes have forked tongues

Roaring and numerical assessment in contests between groups of female lions, Panthera leo

Spider flexibly chooses aggressive mimicry signals for different prey by trial and error

The Sonar of Dolphins

The role of dispersal in structuring the Chitwan tiger population

Monophyletic origins of the metazoa: an evolutionary link with fungi

Observational learning in Octopus vulgaris

Anhydrobiosis

Adaptations to high hydrostatic pressure

Cooperative hunting in lions: the role of the individual

The fungus Armillaria bulbosa is among the largest and oldest living organisms

Two levels of alliance formation among male bottlenose dolphins

Vocal traditions among resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) in coastal waters of British Columbia

The function(s) of bird song

Inheritance of migratory direction in a bird species: a cross-breeding experiment with SE- and SW-migrating blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla)

Complex trophic interactions in deserts: an empirical critique of food-web theory

Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea: how can it occur?

Warming up for sleep? Ground squirrels sleep during arousals from hibernation

On the maximum extent of tree roots

Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus

The Ants

Hymenoptera venoms: striving toward the ultimate development of a non-allergenic venom

Signature whistles of free-ranging bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus: stability and mother-offspring comparisons

Why Lions Form Groups: Food is Not Enough

Self-organized shortcuts in the Argentine ant

Freeze avoidance in a mammal: body temperatures below 0 °C in an Arctic hibernator

Honeyguides and honey gatherers: interspecific communication in a symbiotic relationship

Scent marking in free-ranging tigers, Panthera tigris

Path integration in desert ants, Cataglyphis fortis

Freeze tolerance in animals

The evolution of cooperative hunting

Countershading: universally deceptive or deceptively universal?

Adaptive coloration in young cuttlefish: the morphology and development of body patterns and their relation to behaviour

Cuckoos versus reed warblers: adaptations and counteradaptations

Alteration of North American streams by beaver

Winter foraging at carcasses by three sympatric corvids, with emphasis on recruitment by the raven, Corvus corax

The social contexts of some very low frequency calls of African elephants

Acquisition of the same/different concept by an African Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus): learning with respect to categories of color, shape, and material

R. H. Wright Lectures on Insect Olfaction

Freeze tolerance and the dynamics of ice formation in wood frogs

Flocks, herds and schools: a distributed behavioral model

The Biology of the Honey Bee

Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the spatial frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in display and crypsis

Infrasonic calls of the Asian elephant

Oddity and the confusion effect in predation

Electroreception and electrolocation in platypus

Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems

Honeybee Ecology: A Study of Adaptation in Social Life

Social interaction, sensitive phases and the song template hypothesis in the white-crowned sparrow

On the selective forces acting in the industrial melanism of Biston and Oligia moths

Evolutionary aspects of tail shedding in lizards and their relatives

Comprehension of sentences by bottlenosed dolphins

Reciprocal food sharing in the vampire bat

The dawn chorus in the great tit (Parus major): proximate and ultimate causes

Rapid changes in tree leaf chemistry induced by damage: evidence for communication between plants

Adaptations of Female Lions to Infanticide by Incoming Males

Exaptation — a missing term in the science of form

Ecology of seed dispersal

Increased Reproductive Success at High Densities and Predator Satiation for Periodical Cicadas

Cooperation and competition within coalitions of male lions: kin selection or game theory?

Integration of visual and infrared information in bimodal neurons of the rattlesnake optic tectum

Genetic Basis of Migratory Behavior in European Warblers

Prokaryotic cells in the hydrothermal vent tube worm Riftia pachyptila: possible chemoautotrophic symbionts

A brain for all seasons: cyclical anatomical changes in song control nuclei of the canary brain

Panthera tigris

The social organization of tigers (Panthera tigris) in Royal Chitawan National Park, Nepal

Monkey responses to three different alarm calls: evidence of predator classification and semantic communication

A quantitative analysis of the dawn chorus: temporal selection for communicatory optimization

The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme

Arms races between and within species

Can an ape create a sentence?

Song repertoires and territory defence in the great tit

The adaptive significance of avian mobbing

Cultural transmission of enemy recognition: one function of mobbing

Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs

Octopus: Physiology and Behaviour of an Advanced Invertebrate

Xylem feeding by periodical cicada nymphs on tree roots

Temperature Regulation in the Platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus: Production and Loss of Metabolic Heat in Air and Water

Selective vocal learning in a sparrow

The Mesozoic marine revolution: evidence from snails, predators and grazers

Mechanisms of succession in natural communities and their role in community stability and organization

Reef corals: mutualistic symbioses adapted to nutrient-poor environments

Sperm whale codas

Central control of song in the canary, Serinus canarius

Imprinting to Chemical Cues: The Basis for Home Stream Selection in Salmon

Bioluminescent countershading in midwater animals: evidence from living squid

Arterio-venous heat exchange systems in the Jackass penguin Spheniscus demersus

Plant "primary perception": electrophysiological unresponsiveness to brine shrimp killing

Sea otters: their role in structuring nearshore communities

Temperature regulation and heat balance in running cheetahs: a strategy for sprinters?

Resilience and stability of ecological systems

The Spotted Hyena: A Study of Predation and Social Behavior

Magnetic compass of European robins

The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator-Prey Relations

Glycoproteins as biological antifreeze agents in Antarctic fishes

Desiccation-tolerant flowering plants in southern Africa

Geometry for the selfish herd

The electric sense of sharks and rays

Periodical Cicada: Sound Production and Hearing

Songs of Humpback Whales

A comparative approach to vocal learning: song development in white-crowned sparrows

Counter-current heat exchange in the respiratory passages

Qualitative scale for estimating sulphur dioxide air pollution in England and Wales using epiphytic lichens

Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests

Wettability and Phylogenetic Development of Feather Structure in Water Birds

Function of the spermaceti organ of the sperm whale

Freezing resistance in some Antarctic fishes

Biochemistry at 100 °C: explosive secretory discharge of bombardier beetles (Brachinus)

A note on trophic complexity and community stability

Structure of the Retinae of the Principal Eyes of Jumping Spiders (Salticidae: Dendryphantinae) in Relation to Visual Optics

Die Ultraschall-Ortungslaute der Hufeisen-Fledermäuse in verschiedenen Orientierungssituationen

The Dance Language and Orientation of Bees

On the origin of mitosing cells

Migratory Orientation in the Indigo Bunting, Passerina cyanea: Part I: Evidence for Use of Celestial Cues

Food web complexity and species diversity

A technique for recording migratory orientation of captive birds

The role of auditory feedback in the control of vocalization in the white-crowned sparrow

Aggressive mimicry in Photuris: firefly femmes fatales

An ancient bristlecone pine stand in eastern Nevada

Culturally transmitted patterns of vocal behavior in sparrows

Desert Animals: Physiological Problems of Heat and Water

Nematode-trapping fungi

Extraction, purification and properties of aequorin, a bioluminescent protein from the luminous hydromedusan, Aequorea

The influence of interspecific competition and other factors on the distribution of the barnacle Chthamalus stellatus

The paradox of the plankton

The problem of anabiosis or latent life: history and current concept

The components of predation as revealed by a study of small-mammal predation of the European pine sawfly

The learning of song patterns by birds, with especial reference to the song of the chaffinch Fringilla coelebs

Listening in the Dark: The Acoustic Orientation of Bats and Men

Der Einfluß experimentell veränderter Zeitschätzung auf das Heimfindevermögen bei Brieftauben

Experimental studies of mimicry in some North American butterflies

Population ecology of some warblers of northeastern coniferous forests

Two types of orientation in migrating starlings and chaffinches, as revealed by displacement experiments

Body temperature of the camel and its relation to water economy

Countercurrent heat exchange and vascular bundles in sloths

Concluding remarks

Selection experiments on industrial melanism in the Lepidoptera

Vertebrates without erythrocytes and blood pigment

Experiments on bird orientation

Water metabolism of desert mammals

Discrimination of Stream Odors by Fishes and Its Relation to Parent Stream Behavior

The path of carbon in photosynthesis V: paper chromatography and radioautography of the products

The sensory basis of obstacle avoidance by flying bats

Heavy oxygen (O18) as a tracer in the study of photosynthesis

Adaptive Coloration in Animals

Oxygen produced by isolated chloroplasts

The Struggle for Existence

Animal Ecology

The individualistic concept of the plant association

Plant Succession: An Analysis of the Development of Vegetation

Der Farbensinn und Formensinn der Biene

Die Erscheinung der Symbiose

Insectivorous Plants

Die Algentypen der Flechtengonidien

Observations on different kinds of air

Ortus medicinae